造纸黑液处理与多糖资源分级利用研究——分离条件对多糖含量的影响

草浆造纸黑液中含有丰富的聚糖资源,对其中低聚糖进行提取与纯化也是获得功能性低聚糖经济、有效的途径.本文提出了在分离木素的同时,最大限度回收多糖资源的工艺路线,并探讨了pH值、温度、陈放时间等对分离液中多糖含量的影响规律.在酸析黑液pH为4.0～5.0,65～70 ℃并陈化3～4 h的条件下,可从黑液固含量为49.87 g/L的麦草浆中回收多糖7.43 g/L;稻草浆中回收多糖4.91 g/L.这可为草浆造纸黑液的资源多级利用提供技术支撑.     

Application and evaluation of kriging and cokriging methods on groundwater depth mapping

Groundwater and water resources management play a key role in conserving the sustainable conditions in arid and semi-arid regions. Applying some techniques that can reveal the critical and hot conditions of water resources seem necessary. In this study, kriging and cokriging methods were evaluated for mapping the groundwater depth across a plain in which has experienced different climatic conditions (dry, wet, and normal) and consequently high variations in groundwater depth in a 12 year led in maximum, minimum, and mean depths. During this period groundwater depth has considerable fluctuations. Results obtained from geostatistical analysis showed that groundwater depth varies spatially in different climatic conditions. Furthermore, the calculated RMSE showed that cokriging approach was more accurate than kriging in mapping the groundwater depth though there was not a distinct difference. As a whole, kriging underestimated the real groundwater depth for dry, wet, and normal conditions by 5.5, 2.2, and 5.3%, while cokriging underestimations were 3.3, 2, and 2.2%, respectively; which showed the unbiasedness in estimations. Results implied that in the study area farming and cultivation in dry conditions needs more attention due to higher variability in groundwater depth in short distances compared to the other climate conditions. It is believed that geostatistical approaches are reliable tools for water resources managers and water authorities to allocate groundwater resources in different environmental conditions.     

Measuring the wealth of nations

The sustainability of development is closely linked to changes intotal per capita wealth. This paper presents estimates of the wealth of nations for nearly 100 countries, broken down into produced assets, natural resources and human resources. While thelatter is the dominant form of wealth in virtually all countries,in low income natural resource exporters the share of natural resources in total wealth is equal to the share of produced assets. For low income countries in general, cropland forms thevast majority of natural wealth. The analysis suggests the process of development can be viewed as one of portfolio management: sustainable development entails saving the rents fromexhaustible resources, managing renewable resources sustainably,and investing savings in both produced assets and human resources.     

晋西北地区环境、资源与可持续发展

：通过对晋西北地区的环境、资源分析,以及目前可持续发展现状的评价,本文指出了晋西北地区必须走可持续发展道路,并提出了相应的对策     

云南野菜资源的开发与利用

云南野菜资源约有６００种左右,发展野菜生产前景广阔,但由于目前开发利用的种类少,生产规模小,资源利用率低。合理开发利用野菜资源,进一步开展科学研究,加大开发力度,对发展山区脱贫具有重要意义。     

合理开发坡地资源--以江西省吉水县为例

本文通过对江西省吉水县坡地资源现状、特点的分析,从未利用坡地、利用不充分坡地、利用不合理坡地３方面对吉水县坡地资源进行了潜力分析,并提出了开发利用坡地资源的途径     

THE WESTERN WATER COMMISSION: WATERSHED MANAGEMENT RECEIVES THE AVI'ENTION OF A NEW GENERATION1

ABSTRACT: Our nation periodically reviews national water policy and considers its directions for the future. The most recent examination was directed at the western United States and the role of the federal agencies in meeting its needs. The West is no longer the frontier, but rather contains vibrant cities and booming centers of international trade, as well as tourism, mineral, and oil and gas development, agricultural, and other development. In this changing environment, federal water policies need to consider the long term sustainability of the West, provide justice to Indian tribes, protect the rivers and ecosystems on which natural systems depend, balance the needs of newcomers with those of agricultural users and communities, and meet a myriad of other demands. The Western Water Policy Review Advisory Commission has just concluded its review of these issues and issued its report. Key among the recommendations is the need to coordinate federal agencies at the basin and watershed level and make government more responsive to local needs, but within a framework that includes national mandates. The Commission's recommendations are presented here, along with some of the issues that surrounded the operations of the Commission.     

公司能否担负起保护环境的社会责任与义务

简述了公司由计划经济向市场经济转轨和商品经济迅猛发展过程中,出现了将公共资源及环境被低效使用或滥用,从而导致环境的污染。在市场经济条件下,公司承担起应有的环境责任不仅是社会发展的需要,也是公司自身发展的需要。因此,必须自觉地担负起法律规定的环境义务和责任。     

论新疆水资源合理开发利用与水环境保护

根据新疆“三水”资源的形成背景与时空分布特征,提出合理开发利用“三水”资源与水环境保护的积极举措,促使水环境质量与生态环境质量的提高;贯彻开发与节约并举;遵循在开发中保护,在保护中开发的总原则。实施开源节流,确保水资源的永续利用。     

福建金湖旅游资源及其开发利用

本文分析了福建金湖旅游区的旅游资源特征,对旅游资源进行了评价,并提出了开发利用的目标和对策